Wear & tear is probably one of the issues that becomes the greatest challenge for a landlord and tenant, especially when it comes to determining what consitutes "normal" wear & tear. 

"Wear and tear" is a term used in the context of a rental property to refer to the gradual damage that occurs to the property over time as a result of normal use. This could include things like minor scuffs and scratches on the walls, wear on carpets or flooring, and fading of paint or wallpaper.

In general, "wear and tear" is considered to be a normal part of renting out a property, and landlords are expected to cover the costs of repairing or replacing items that have worn out due to normal use. However, if a tenant has caused excessive damage to the property, beyond what would be considered normal wear and tear, the landlord may be able to deduct the cost of repairs from the tenant's security deposit.

It's important for both landlords and tenants to have a clear understanding of what constitutes normal wear and tear and what types of damage will be considered the tenant's responsibility to repair or pay for. This information should be outlined in the lease agreement, along with any policies regarding security deposits and move-out inspections.

What is NOT considered "normal" wear & tear

Damage that is not considered "normal" wear and tear typically refers to damage that goes beyond the expected or natural consequences of using a property over time. Examples of damage that would not be considered normal wear and tear include:

1. Excessive dirt or stains on carpets or walls that cannot be removed with normal cleaning methods
2. Holes in walls or ceilings beyond what would be expected from hanging pictures or curtains
3. Broken windows or doors caused by tenant negligence or misuse
4. Missing or broken appliances, fixtures, or furniture
5. Burn marks, cuts or gouges in countertops or flooring
6. Pet damage such as scratches on doors, chewed up carpet, or urine stains

In general, any damage that requires more than a minor repair or replacement, or that significantly affects the livability or safety of the property, would be considered beyond normal wear and tear. Landlords may be entitled to deduct the cost of repairing or replacing items damaged in this way from the tenant's security deposit. However, it's important for landlords to document any damages and provide a detailed explanation of why the deduction is being made.

Educating Tenants on "normal" wear & tear

Educating tenants on what constitutes normal wear and tear is an important step in preventing disputes and ensuring a smooth tenancy. Here are some tips on how to educate tenants on normal wear and tear:

1. Include a clear definition of normal wear and tear in the lease agreement: Your lease agreement should define what is considered normal wear and tear, and provide examples of what is and is not covered.

2. Conduct a thorough move-in inspection: At the beginning of the tenancy, conduct a move-in inspection with the tenant and document the condition of the property. This can help set expectations for the condition the property should be returned in at the end of the tenancy.

3. Provide a tenant handbook: A tenant handbook can be a helpful tool for educating tenants on normal wear and tear. Include information on what is considered normal wear and tear, as well as tips for maintaining the property.

4. Communicate regularly with your tenants: Regular communication with your tenants can help prevent misunderstandings and disputes. Discuss normal wear and tear with your tenants during routine inspections or maintenance visits, and be available to answer any questions they may have.

5. Provide clear guidelines for move-out inspections: Before the tenant moves out, provide clear guidelines on what to expect during the move-out inspection. This can include information on what types of damage are considered beyond normal wear and tear and how any deductions from the security deposit will be calculated.

By taking these steps, you can help ensure that your tenants understand what constitutes normal wear and tear and how to maintain the property to prevent excessive damage. This can help prevent disputes and create a more positive rental experience for both landlords and tenants.